Selina solutions concise biology class 9 icse Solutions for Chapter 14 the respiratory system

Given below is the definition of respiration with a few blanks to be filled in. Write suitable words in the blanks: Respiration is a process of releasing __________ by breaking down __________ for carrying out __________ processes

Write the overall chemical equation representing the above definition of respiration.

In what form is the energy liberated in respiration?

Give two examples of life activities which need energy.

State whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F):

(i) Strenuous physical exercise may cause fatigue due to accumulation of CO2 in the

blood. T/F

(ii) No CO2 is produced in anaerobic respiration in the human body. T/F

(iii) Breathing and gaseous transport are and the same thing. T/F

(iv) CO2 is transported to the lungs by the blood in two forms: as bicarbonates and as carbamino-haemoglobin. T/F

(v) Tissue respiration means chemical changes occurring inside the cell. T/F

Match the items in Column I with those in Column II.

Column I Column I

A. Nasal chamber (i) Production of voice

B. Epiglottis (ii) C-shaped rings

C. Air-sacs (iii) Warms air

D. Lungs (iv) Drives mucus

E. Larynx (v) Closes wind-pipe during swallowing

G. Cilia (vii) Spongy and elastic

How do the following contribute in inspiration during breathing?

(i) Ribs

(ii) Diaphragm

Match the lung capacities in Column I with the quantities given in Column II.

Column I Column II

A. Residual air 4500 mL

B. Vital capacity 6000 mL

C. Total lung capacity 1500 mL

D. Dead air space 150 mL

Mention any two points of difference in the quality of inspired and expired air

Give reasons for:

(i) People climbing to high altitudes may suffer from dizziness and unsteady vision.

(ii) Use of lime water in most experiments on respiration

(iii) Respiration rate is higher in animals than in plants.

Given alongside is an experiment intended to demonstrate the action of diaphragm, but something has gone wrong.

(i) What is the mistake in the diagram? Explain

During inspiration, the diaphragm (a) Relaxes (b) Contracts (c) Expands (d) Gets folded

The ultimate end parts of the respiratory system in humans is known as (a) Alveoli (b) Bronchioles (c) Tracheoles (d) Bronchi

During respiration there is

(a) Gain in dry weight

(b) Loss in dry weight

(c) No change in dry weight

(d) Increase in the overall weight

Choose the odd one out in each of the following groups of four items each:

(a) Trachea, Bronchus, Alveolus, Diaphragm

(b) Ethyl alcohol, Carbon dioxide, Starch, Oxygen absence

(c) Diffusion, Respiratory gases, Alveoli, Capillary network

(d) Trachea, ciliated epithelium, mucus, diffusion

(e) Oxyhaemoglobin, carbaminohaemoglobin, Hypoxia, Carboxyheamoglobin

(f) Hairy, Moist, Nostril, Vocal cord

What is the normal percentage composition of gases in inspired air and expired air respectively?

Which chemical compound inside a cell can be termed “Currency of Energy”.

Match the items in Column I with the ones most appropriate in Column II. Rewrite the matching pairs: Column I Column II (a) Alveoli (i) where aerobic respiration takes place (b) Bronchioles (ii) Lined with hair (c) Nasal chamber (iii) Diffusion of gases (d) Bronchi (iv) small air tubes (v) An inverted Y-shaped tube (vi) A common passage for food and air

Given below is an example of a certain structure and its special functional activity:

“Kidney and excretion”

Fill in the blanks on a similar pattern.

(a) Alveoli and ___________

(b) Mitochondria and ___________

(c) Epiglottis and ___________

(d) Pleura and ___________

(e) Diaphragm and ___________

(f)”C‟ shaped cartilage rings and __________

State one function of each of the following:

(a) Ciliated epithelium lining the respiratory tract

(b) Mitochondria

(c) Diaphragm

(d) Intercostal muscles

(e) Pleural fluid

Match the items in Column A with those in Column B. Column A Column B Cartilaginous Epiglottis Large surface area Diaphragm Breathing movements Bronchi Voice Alveoli Complemented air larynx Swallowing Extra inhalation

Under what conditions would the breathing rate increase?

How would you prove that the air you breathe out is warmer?

How is the respiratory passage kept free of dust particles?

What is wrong in the statement “We breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide”?

Differentiate between the following pairs on the basis of the aspect given in the brackets. (a) Aerobic and anaerobic respiration (end products of the process) (b) Respiration and photosynthesis (gas released) (c) Photosynthesis and respiration (reactants) (d) Inspired air and alveolar air (carbon dioxide content) (e) Respiration and breathing (organs involved) (f) Tidal volume and residual volume (quantity of air)

Give suitable explanations for the following:

(a) Breathing through the nose is said to be healthier than through the mouth.

(b) Why does gaseous exchange continue in the lungs even during expiration?

(c) Why does a person feel breathlessness at higher altitudes?

(d) Why do you shiver and why do your teeth chatter when it is very cold in winter?

With regard to the respiratory system and the process of respiration in man, answer the following questions:

(a) Name any two muscles that help in breathing.

(b) Briefly describe how the above mentioned muscles help in the inspiration of air.

(c) Give the overall chemical equation to represent the process of respiration in humans.

(d) What is meant by:

1. Residual air

2. Dead air space

Starting from the nostrils, trace the path in sequence which the transpired air takes until it reaches the air sacs.

What are the functions of the following in breathing? (a) Ribs (b) Diaphragm (c) Abdominal muscles

Given alongside is a diagrammatic sketch of a part in human lungs (i) Name the parts numbered 1-4 (ii) What do the arrows 5 and 6 indicate?

Given below is an overall chemical reaction of a certain process: C6H12O6 + lactic acid 2ATP+ heat energy (a) Name the process. (b) Is this reaction applicable to animals or to plants or to both animals and plants? (c) Name one tissue in which this reaction may occur.

Given below are chemical reactions ( 1 to 5) involving glucose and five other chemical products (A-E).

(a) Write the reaction number of the following:

(i) Anaerobic respiration in plants _______\__

(ii) End-products in aerobic respiration __________

(iii) Reaction occurring in liver _________

(iv) Anaerobic respiration in animals __________

(v) Storage in the liver ________

(b) Which reactions (1-5) in the above correspond to the following (write the corresponding number of reaction next to them).

(i) Aerobic respiration

(ii) Change taking place in the liver

(iii) Anaerobic respiration in yeast

(iv) Change taking place in a plant storage organ – e.g. potato.

(v) Anaerobic respiration in animals

The volume of air in the lungs and the rate at which it is exchanged during inspiration and expiration was measured.

The following diagram shows a group of the lung volumes and capacities:

Study the diagram carefully and explain briefly the following:

(a) Tidal volume

(b) Inspiratory reserve volume

(c) Expiratory reserve volume

(d) Vital capacity

(e) Residual volume