Lakhmir Singh Solutions - Chemistry - Class 10 solutions for Chapter 4 Chapter 4 Carbon and its Compounds

State whether the following statement is true or false:

Diamond and graphite are the covalent compounds of carbon element (C).

What are the two properties of carbon which lead to the formation of a large number of carbon compounds?

Name the element whose one of the allotropic form is buckminsterfullerene.

Fill in the following blanks with suitable words:

(a) The form of carbon which is known as black lead is ____.

(b) The form of carbon which is used as a lubricant at high temperature is ____.

(c) Compounds of carbon with hydrogen alone are called ____.

(d) CnH2n is the general formula of ______ hydrocarbons.

(e) Hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n-2 are called _____.

(f) Ethene and ethyne are examples of _____ hydrocarbons.

(g) Ethyne has _____ carbon-hydrogen single bonds.

(h) Carbon compounds have usually _____ melting points and boiling points because they are ____ in nature.

(i) The property of carbon atoms to form long chains in compounds is called ______.

(j) The general formula CnH2n for cycloalkanes is the same as that of ____.

(k) The IUPAC name of ethylene is ____.

(l) The IUPAC name of acetylene is ____.

a) Give IUPAC names and formulae of an organic compound containing single bonds and the other containing a triple bond.

(b) Which of the following is the molecular formula of benzene?

C₆H₆ , C₆H₁₀ , C₆H₁₂ , C₆H₁₄

(c) Which of the two has a branched chain: isobutene or normal butane?

Out of the following pairs of compounds, the unsaturated compounds are:

(a) C₂H₆ and C₄H₆

(b) C₆H₁₂ and C₅H₁₂

(c) C₄H₆ and C₆H₁₂

(d) C₂H₅ and C₄H₁₀

Buckminsterfullerene is an allotropic form of the element:

(a) Phosphorus

(b) Fluorine

(c) Carbon

(d) Sulphur

(a) What are hydrocarbons? Explain with examples.

(b) Explain the meaning of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons with two examples each.

(c) Give the names and structural formulae of one saturated cyclic hydrocarbon and one unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbon.

(d) Give one example of a hydrocarbon, other than pentane, having more than three isomers.

(e) How many isomers of the following hydrocarbons are possible?

(i) C₃H8 (ii) C₄H₁₀ (iii) C₅H₁₂ (iv) C₆H₁₄

(a) Explain the term ‘isomers’. Give one example of isomers.

(b) Write (i) structural formula, and (ii) electron-dot structure, of any one isomer of n-heptane.

(c) Write the IUPAC name of the compound having the formula n-C4H10.

(d) Write the IUPAC names for the following:

(a) What is diamond? Of what substance is diamond made?

(b) Describe the structure of diamond. Draw a simple diagram to show the arrangement of carbon atoms in diamond.

(c) Explain why, diamond has a high melting point.

(d) State any two uses of diamond.

(a) Write two points of difference in the structures of diamond and graphite.

(b) Explain why, graphite can be used as a lubricant but diamond cannot.

(c) Explain why, diamond can be used in rock drilling equipment but graphite cannot.

(d) State one use of diamond which depends on its ‘extraordinary brilliance’ and one use of graphite that depends on its being ‘black and quite soft’.

(a) Giving their structures, state the number of single bonds, double bonds and triple bonds(if any) following compounds:

(i) ethyne (ii) ethene (iii) benzene

(b) Write the molecular formula and structure of cyclohexane. How many covalent bonds are there in the molecule of cyclohexane?

(a) What is the unique property of carbon atom? How is this property helpful to us?

(b) Explain why, diamond is hard while graphite is soft.

(a) Give the name and structural formula of one member each of the following:

(i) alkane ; (ii) alkene ; (iii) alkyne ; (iv) cycloalkane.

(b) Give the common name of (i) ethyne, and (ii) ethene.

(c) Write the molecular formula and structure of benzene.

(a) Why does the element carbon form a large number of carbon compounds?

(b) Write down the structures and names of two isomers of butane (C4H10).

(a) How can diamonds be made artificially? How do synthetic diamonds differ from natural ones?

(b) Give any two differences between the properties of diamond and graphite. What causes these differences?

Catenation is the ability of an atom to form bonds with other atoms of the same element. It is exhibiting both carbon and silicon. Compare the ability of catenation of the two elements. Give reasons.

a) Friedrich Wohler converted an inorganic compound into an organic compound in the laboratory.

(i) Give the name and formula of inorganic compound.

(ii) Write the name and formula of organic compound formed.

(b) Give the molecular formula of butane and mention the names of its two isomers. Name one fuel which contains both these isomers.

(a) Give the general formula of an: (i) alkane, (ii) alkene and (iii) alkyne.

(b) Classify the following compounds as alkanes, alkenes and alkynes:

C₂H₄ , C₃H₄ , C₄H₈ , C₅H₁₂ , C₅H8 , C₃H₈ , C₆H₆.

(a) What is buckminsterfullerene? How is it related to diamond and graphite?

(b) Why is diamond used for making cutting tools but graphite is not?

(c) Why is graphite used for making dry cell electrodes but diamond is not?

(a) What is meant by catenation? Name two elements which exhibit the property of catenation.

(b) Write the names and structural formulae of all the possible isomers of hexane.

(a) What is the general name of all the compounds made up of carbon and hydrogen?

(b) Why does carbon form compounds mainly by covalent bonding?

(a) What is the atomic number of carbon. Write its electronic configuration.

(b) What type of chemical bonds are formed by carbon? Why?

(c) Name the three allotropic forms of carbon.

Write down (i) structural formula, and (ii) electron-dot formula, of any one isomer of hexane (C₆ H₁₄), other than n-hexane.

Write the names of any two isomers represented by the molecular formula C₅H_12.

What do you call the compounds having the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements of atoms?

Write the structural formula of butane.

Write the structural formula of propyne.

Write the structural formula of propene.

Give the IUPAC name of the following compound:

C₂H₆

Write the electron-dot structures for:

(i) ethane, (ii) ethene and (iii) ethyne.

Give the name and structural formula of an alkyl group.

Which of the following molecule is called buckminsterfullerene?

C₉₀ , C₆₀ , C₇₀ , C₁₂₀

Name the hardest natural substance known.

How does graphite act as a lubricant?

Buckminsterfullerene is a spherical molecule in which 60 carbon atoms are arranged in interlocking hexagonal and pentagonal rings of carbon atoms.

(a) How many hexagons of carbon atoms are present in one molecule of buckminsterfullerene?

(b) How many pentagons of carbon atoms are present in one molecule of buckminsterfullerene?

In addition to some propane and ethane, LPG cylinders contain mainly two isomers of another alkane. Name the two isomers and write their condensed structural formula.

Name the element whose allotropic form is graphite.

Name the scientist who disproved the ‘vital force theory’ for the formation of organic compounds.

(a) What is graphite? Of what substance is graphite made?

(b) Describe the structure of graphite with the help of a labeled diagram.

(c) Why is graphite a good conductor of electricity but diamond is a non-conductor of electricity?

(d) State any two uses of graphite.

Name the black substance of pencil. Will the current flow through the electrical circuit when we use the sharpened ends of the pencil to complete the circuit?

The number of isomers formed by the hydrocarbon with molecular formula C₅H₁₂ is:

(a) 2

(b) 5

(c) 3

(d) 4

The number of carbon atoms joined in a spherical molecule of buckminsterfullerene is:

(a) Fifty

(b) Sixty

(c) Seventy

(d) Ninety

The pencil leads are made of mainly:

(a) Lithium

(b) Charcoal

(c) Lead

(d) Graphite

The hydrocarbon which has alternate single and double bonds arranged in the form of a ring is:

(a) Cyclobutane

(b) Benzene

(c) Butene

(d) Hexene

A hydrocarbon having one double bond has 100 carbon atom in its molecule. The number of hydrogen atoms in its molecule will be:

(a) 200

(b) 198

(c) 202

(d) 196

A saturated hydrocarbon has fifty hydrogen atom in its molecule. The number of carbon atom in its molecule will be:

(a) Twenty five

(b) Twenty four

(c) Twenty six

(d) Twenty seven

The pair of elements which exhibits the property of catenation is :

(a) Sodium and silicon

(b) Chlorine and carbon

(c) Carbon and sodium

(d) Silicon and carbon

The number of carbon atoms in the organic compound named as 2,2-dimethylpropane is:

(a) Two

(b) Five

(c) Three

(d) Four

One of the following is not an allotrope of carbon. This is:

(a) Diamond

(b) Graphite

(c) Cumene

(d) Buckminsterfullerene

The organic compound prepared by Wohler from an inorganic compound called ammonium cyanate was;

(a) Glucose

(b) Urea

(c) Uric acid

(d) Vinegar

A diamond-toothed saw is usually for cutting;

(a) Steel girders

(b) Logs of woods

(c) Marble slabs

(d) Asbestos sheets

An alkyne has seventy five carbon atoms in its molecule. The number of hydrogen atom in its molecule will be :

(a) 150

(b) 148

(c) 152

(d) 146

An unsaturated hydrocarbon having a triple bond has 50 hydrogen atoms in the molecule. The number of carbon atoms in its molecule will be:

(a) 24

(b) 25

(c) 26

(d) 28

The hydrocarbon 2-methylbutane is an isomer of :

(a) n-penatane

(b) n-butane

(c) Propane

(d) Iso-butane

A cyclic hydrocarbon having carbon-carbon single bonds as well as carbon-carbon double bonds in molecule is:

(a) C₆H₁₂

(b) C₆H₁₄

(c) C₆H₆

(d) C₆H₁₀

The property of self-combination of the atoms of the same element to form long chains is known as:

(a) Protonation

(b) Carbonation

(c) Coronation

(d) Catenation

The number of covalent bonds in pentane (molecular formula C5H12) is:

(a) 5

(b) 12

(c) 17

(d) 16

Which of the following cannot exhibit isomerism?

(a) C₄H₁₀

(b) C₅H₁₂

(c) C₃H₈

(d) C₆H₁₄

(a) What is the number of valence electrons in the atoms of first element in a period?

(b) What is the usual number of valence electrons in the atoms of the last element in a period?

Fill in the blanks in the following statements:

(a) The horizontal rows in a periodic table are called _______.

(b) In going across a period (right to left) in periodic table, the atomic size of the atom _______.

(c) On moving from right to left in the second period, the number of valence electrons _______.

(d) On going down in a group in the periodic table, the metallic character of elements _______.

(e) The tendency to gain an electron___ on moving down in a group of the periodic table.

Rewrite the following statements after correction, if necessary:

(i) Elements in the same period have equal valency

(ii) The metallic character of elements in a period increases gradually on moving from left to right.

Arrange the following elements in the increasing order of their metallic character:

Mg, Ca, K, Ga

Arrange the following elements in increasing order of their atomic radii :

Li, Be, F, N

How do electronic configurations of elements change in second period of periodic table with increase in atomic numbers?

How does the valency of elements vary in going down a group of the periodic table?

How does the valency of elements change on moving from left to right in the third period of the periodic table?

How does the number of valence electrons vary on moving from left to right:

(i) In the first period of the periodic table?

(ii) In the second period of the periodic table?

What happens to the metallic character of the elements as we go down in a group of the periodic table?

How do the atomic radii of elements change as we go from left to right in a period of the periodic table?

What is the major characteristic of the first elements in the periods of the periodic table? What is the general name of such elements?

Name the element which is in:

(a) First group and third period.

(b) Seventeenth group and second period.

What property do all the elements in the same group of the periodic table as fluorine have in common?

What property do all elements in the same column of the periodic table as boron have in common?

(a) How does the chemical reactivity of alkali metals vary on going down in group 1 of the periodic table?

(b) How does the chemical reactivity of the halogens vary on going down in group 17 of theperiodic table?

How would the tendency to lose electrons change as we go from left to right across a period of the periodic table.

How would the tendency to gain electrons change on moving from left to right in a period of the periodic table?

Given alongside is a part of the periodic table:


Li	Be	B	C	N	O	F
Na	Mg	Al	Si	P	S	Cl

As we move horizontally from left to right:

(i) What happens to the metallic character of the elements?

(ii) What happens to the atomic size?

State whether the following statement is true or false:

On-going down in a group of the periodic table, the number of valence electrons increases.

Lakhmir singh solutions chemistry class 10 Solutions for Chapter 4 chapter 4 carbon and its compounds